Reflecting on A Quiet Violence: Navigating Female Genital Cutting as an LGBTQ+ Survivor
By Trisha Kini On June 23rd, Sahiyo hosted their webinar A Quiet Violence: Navigating Female Genital Cutting as an LGBTQ+ Survivor in honor of LGBTQ+ pride month. The event was moderated by Sahiyo U.S. Advisory Board chair, internal medicine physician, and chief medical editor of EverydayHealth.com Dr. Arefa Cassoobhoy. Panelists included poet, playwright, filmmaker, and producer Dena Igusti (they/them), End FGC Singapore volunteer Afiqa (she/they), lawyer, activist, and writer Umme Kulsoon Arif (she/they), and pelvic and gynecologic surgeon Dr. Marci Bowers (she/her). Oftentimes, LGBTQ+ and non-binary survivors of FGC are underrepresented and silenced in FGC activism, statistics, academic literature, and healthcare settings. Health organizations and anti-FGC advocacy movements frequently use gender binary terms when referring to FGC survivors, further propagating the harmful idea that FGC only impacts women. Panelists who identified as non-binary FGC survivors, Dena, Afiqa, and Umme, all shared stories of their own journey in understanding sexuality and gender as survivors of FGC, along with the harms of a false assumption that every survivor of FGC identifies as a woman. While it is true that FGC impacts those assigned female at birth, not all survivors identify with being a woman, womanhood, and heteronormative culture. Ascribing cisgender-heterosexual labels and expectations to non-binary survivors not only dismisses one’s identity and personhood, but also negatively impacts a survivor’s mental and physical health. Members of the panel advocated for the needs of unheard LGBTQ+ survivors, and raised awareness about steps anti-FGC organizations can take to be more inclusive, respectful, and welcoming to survivors of all gender identities. The event began with two powerful videos from our 2022 Voices to End FGM/C cohort, which were recently released to the public. Dena Igusti’s On being a Nonbinary Survivor of FGM/C highlighted that the use of non-inclusive language and terminology in FGC-related statistics has led them to question whether their experiences can be validated as a gender non-conforming individual. This was followed by Afiqa’s eye-opening video Conversations with my Mother, which shared their experience of learning about FGC as a young girl. Afiqa often questioned why circumcision was celebrated for men versus women, and as they continued to question FGC and heterosexual norms, they realized their reality of gender and sexuality did not match what society demanded of them. The lack of LGBTQ+ inclusive resources available in healthcare settings, therapy, and anti-FGC organizations has actively limited the amount of care non-binary FGC survivors can benefit from. Dena, Afiqa, and Umme often found they had to create their own language for themselves, as their experiences were not considered in the resources sought for their own healing. They also found that their experiences were often downplayed by society through invalidation and ignorance. Following this discussion, Dr. Bowers stressed the importance of gender affirming care, which refers to medical interventions that support an individual’s gender identity. With anti-FGC bills in Texas and Idaho that prohibit gender affirming care, healthcare as a right has been denied to trans individuals, which further deters LGBTQ+ individuals from seeking care. This has put LGBTQ+ youth at risk of facing wider health complications and neglect from the system. In addition, the reversal of Roe V. Wade has turned back the clock and denied rights to bodily autonomy. Trans people, just like cis people, deserve the right to safe spaces for healthcare, gender affirming care, and the right to choose what happens with their bodies. The webinar ended on an important note: how allies can be supportive of LGBTQ+ survivors. Some of the many steps we can take as allies are as easy as amplifying voices, even if it just means adding your pronouns to your social media, or making public statements showing solidarity, such as “trans rights are human rights.” In terms of anti-FGC initiatives, it is essential to actively make an effort to utilize gender inclusive language and include non-binary folks, rather than restricting FGC to a woman’s issue. This applies to medical care as well. Healthcare providers can actively stand with their LGBTQ+ patients by implementing inclusivity in intake forms, wearing pronoun buttons, unlearning assumptions, educating each other, and making an effort to meet the patient where they are, thereby cultivating an open-minded and respectful environment. One of the big takeaways I gathered from this webinar is the harmful impact of assuming one’s experience with gender-based violence (GBV). Not all LGBTQ+ survivors of GBV share similar experiences, as these are also shaped by intersectional factors such as culture, value, and religion, among others. In order to make an effort to understand one’s experience with survivorship, asking questions, showing support, and speaking up can make all the difference in helping LGBTQ+ survivors feel safe and welcomed. LGBTQ+ individuals, like cisgender, heterosexual ones, are well within their rights to expect respect, healthcare, and inclusion in order to facilitate their own healing and growth. Watch the webinar here. Read the transcript from the webinar here.
Reflection on Sahiyo webinar: Understanding Social Norms to end Female Genital Cutting
By Trisha Kini Sahiyo hosted the webinar Understanding Social Norms to End Female Genital Cutting on July 1st. The event was moderated by Sahiyo co-founder, and winner of the Chameli Devi Jain Award Aarefa Johari, and attended by distinguished guest speakers Molly Melching and Maryan Abdikadir. Maryan is a survivor and activist of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), who contributed to the Prohibition of FGM Bill in Kenya. She also participated in our 2022 Spring Voices to End FGM/C workshop. Molly Melching is the founder and creative director of Tostan, an NGO whose mission is to empower African communities by fostering and promoting community engagement in literacy, health, and human rights projects. Social norms are a growing set of unwritten rules and standards, which are passed on generationally in communities and cultures. These norms are often indisputably followed by society, as they are viewed as “the right thing to do” or dismissed with the notion of “this is how it is and should be.” FGC, although prohibited in many countries, continues to be practiced as a social norm wherein young girls, women, and those assigned female at birth (AFABs) are raised with the expectation that they must undergo the practice without having the autonomy to choose for themselves. Molly beautifully presented the three main factors to consider when classifying an action as a social norm: a reciprocal expectation within a reference group, which refers to the community of people the norms affect; positive and negative sanctions if the norm is followed versus not followed; and finally, value attached to the practice. The webinar began with Maryan’s moving and powerful Voices to End FGM/C video The Verbal Cut. Maryan shared her story of learning and unpacking FGC as a social norm and described learning that FGC has no basis in Islam and is not followed by all Muslim women. Amongst many other myths, she was told that if she does not undergo the procedure, her prayers will not be accepted in her faith. When she understood that FGC is not beneficial to women, and that these false beliefs were passed on to keep the practice in place, she decided against it for her daughter. Her daughter was shamed, ridiculed, and questioned for not undergoing FGC. Maryan’s video highlighted that even if some women decide to not follow the practice, this decision can still hurt them, which aligns with the norm that women’s value in practicing communities is determined by whether she is cut or not. FGC continues in so many communities due to the social norms that perpetuate it. As an outsider that does not belong to the community, Molly explained how informing people about the consequences of FGC in a non-judgemental, respectful manner can be very effective in facilitating conversations about abandoning the practice as a community. As part of Tostan’s human rights program, FGC survivors who have abandoned the practice approach leaders of practicing communities and facilitate conversation about the harmful health impacts of FGC. Following weeks to months of deliberation through community engagement, the community makes a final declaration. A considerate and respectful approach when talking about FGC may sound like using preferred terminology, such as “cutting’’ instead of “mutilation’’. Using vocabulary with harmful implications can be discouraging as words like “mutilation” can imply an intent to harm. However, Maryan, who belongs to the Somali community, prefers to use the term mutilation as she believes this term describes her experience with the practice. As outsiders, it is important to be aware of preferred terms when referring to FGC in order to accommodate and respect community and survivor experiences. As part of Molly’s activism, she continues to demystify myths associated with FGC, and terms considered taboo in order to facilitate effective conversations. Some countries, like the US, have named FGC as a punishable offense and a violation of the law, while some countries are yet to acknowledge FGC as punishable. Maryan and Molly agreed that the law helps as a fallback option, but also believe that it is barely a solution. However, Molly maintained that the law is often mentioned in conversation by survivors who abandoned the practice. This is helpful, as it provides a strong argument for both why the practice needs to be abandoned, and why there is a reason for laws against FGC. While it helps back up FGC as a harmful practice, education and community engagement are some of the most important approaches to ending FGC and dismantling it as a social norm. This webinar helped me understand how social norms can range from the simplest of societal expectations to life threatening consequences. Unwritten rules are ingrained so rigidly in society that it is difficult to notice them around us. This especially came to mind when Maryan mentioned she would have never thought to question FGC without finding out that her friend did not undergo the practice. It opened my eyes to silent norms present in communities around the world, which have the power to continue cycles of oppression in race and gender as we see today. It is important for us as a society to question harmful social norms and how we can shift them in a manner that uplifts voices around us to eventually break these cycles. Watch the webinar here. Read the webinar transcript here.